ȫ ߵ ľѡ Ȯ չ С Ŀ Ȯ ŵ 飺 DZǷ Ȯ ıȽϣ ʽ Σ DZ ǰ θ Ȯ ת Ը

ʷ ij Ե Ļ 磬 һ ڶ Ϊ ʷ ļ Щ Ҫ ijɼ [1-4] Ҫ ἰ һЩ ؼ Ʃ 컨 ţ Ԥ 컨 飬 Լ Ļ ġ ϸ Ͳ ء һ 棬 µ ҪĿ Ҫǿ ѧijЩ ʷ Ǻ 걸 а ijЩ ڷ յ ߵij ԣ ں ѡ 㷺ʹ ǰ ν 簲ȫ Ժ Ч ij ԣ Լ 鷽 ѧ ݱ䡣
γ Ԥ ķ Dz á 컨 Ԥ Ⱦ 漰 컨 ݡ ŧ ں ﱻ ǰû и Ⱦ ĸ [4] ļ ڴ Լ 1000 й [4] ȸ Ⱦ 컨 Լ һ ã ﻨ 4: 1 ıĥ ڽ Ԥ 6 ȷ գ 7 9 10 Ƥ Ȼ Ⱦ 컨 ȣ 10 100 Ҳû 1
16 17 ӡ Ȱ뵺 Ǻͱ ʵ г 컨 ߡ 18 Լɪ (Joseph Lister) һ ڶ ӡ ȹ й Ӣ ˣ д Ÿ Ӣ ʼ ѧ ᣬ 컨 ߵı ŵ Ӣ [5] 15 ı Դ 1713 ϣ ڿ ҽʦŦ ( Emmanuel Timonis) һ Kern ߵ [6] (Mary Wortley Montagu) ˣл 1721 kkwaetkeon е [7] 1715 Լ 컨 ӡ ΪӢ ʹ Ӿ ס ھ ʿ 컨 ߣ Ϊ 举Ů ÿ 춼 н 1718 5 ĶӢ'ҽ Kern [5,8]
ŷдŸӢɯ (Sarah Criswell) 컨 ҷ Ļص Ӣ Ҫʹ С 1721 ŷ ص Ӣ 3 컨 Ű ϵ ʱҲ ڴ еߵ (Maitland) Ů ˣ Ҫ 2 ڳ һλ ղ ķ (James Keith) '[8] Խ dz ж ڸ Ҳ 컨 ڳ 컨 ڻʼҷ Ժ ҽѧԺ Ĵ ע ɵģ һ 㶼 Ϊ ļ ε 컨 Ӷ 컨 еߡ Ȼ (Miller) Ϊ 컨 Ӣ õ Ͽɺ 㷺ʵ Ĺ ٵģ Ӣ 컨 Ǻ (Hans Sloane) Ӣҽͻ'ѧ
1721 ng 'contention ڼ 䣬 ҵ (Zabdiel Boylston) "'Kern ʦƶ ɪ (Cotton Mather) µ ݱ Ǵ ķ ū ĸ (Onesimus) ѧ [9] ޣ 1765 һ Kern һλʦ ޡ Ŭ (Pedro Manuel Chaparro) "
Ҫ Ҫǿ Ȼ 컨 ǵ ʱһ õĹ Ԥ ʩ û з ա 컨 ߵ ߵ ʴ Ϊ 1% -2% ǵ 컨 ʱ ļ Ȼ ĺ ǿɽ ġ Ҫ ı 컨 ߵ Ⱥ 컨 Ժ 컨 Ŀ Ҫ и õ Ԥ Ը Ԥ
[ ϼУ] õ http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-347754-569067.html Կ ѧϼ תע һƪ Ĵн ص Ⱥɱҹ Կ ѧӺͳЦ һƪ Դ (ʷ )
ȫ ߵ ľѡ Ȯ չ С Ŀ Ȯ ŵ 飺 DZǷ Ȯ ıȽϣ ʽ Σ DZ ǰ θ Ȯ ת Ը
ȫ ߵ ςӺŮѧ й Ѯ У ýӰ Ȯ չ С Ŀ Ȯ [ת] ݷ Ÿ 裨 ɢʫ WHOȮ ר Ҵ ڶ α 桷 İ' [ת] ҽƲж